Thomson is a village along Illinois Route 84 near the Mississippi River in Carroll County, Illinois, United States. As of the 2020 census, Thomson had a population of 1,610. Just north of the village is the United States Penitentiary, Thomson, a mostly-unused former state prison, purchased by the Federal Bureau of Prisons in 2012. Currently, USP Thomson houses over 100 low-security inmates as it remodels to federal maximum-security standards.